1 Samuel 8:20

Authorized King James Version

That we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְהָיִ֥ינוּ
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
גַם
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
#3
אֲנַ֖חְנוּ
we
#4
כְּכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#5
הַגּוֹיִ֑ם
That we also may be like all the nations
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#6
וּשְׁפָטָ֤נוּ
may judge
to judge, i.e., pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literal
#7
מַלְכֵּ֙נוּ֙
and that our king
a king
#8
וְיָצָ֣א
us and go out
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
#9
לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#10
וְנִלְחַ֖ם
us and fight
to feed on; figuratively, to consume
#11
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#12
מִלְחֲמֹתֵֽנוּ׃
our battles
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant community contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes covenant community in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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